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Glossary:
E22 - Fulfilment
Glossary of CD and DVD related
technical terms and abbreviations in alphabetical order. |
E
E22, E32: Measurement of uncorrectable errors used in QA measurements of a
CD. Easter Eggs: Extra video clips hidden on a DVD-Video disc
but which can be played via a ‘hidden’ link on a menu, eg where the user
least expects to find it.
ECC: Error Correction Code. CDs use CIRC, DVD discs use RSPC.
Eccentricity: Measurement of the positional accuracy of the centre hole
on a CD.
ECMA: European Computer Manufacturers Association.
EDC: Error detection code, used within CD and DVD sectors to detect
errors, which are then corrected using the ECC.
EFM: Eight to Fourteen Modulation used on every CD for modulation and
error correction. Each 8-bit byte is represented on disc by 14 bits plus
3 padding bits, making 17 bits (symbols) in all. The purpose of EFM is
to keep the number of contiguous 0s or 1s to within 3 and 11 for a CD
disc.
EFMplus: A more efficient version of the modulation scheme used on CDs
that is used for every DVD disc. Each 8-bit byte is represented on disc
by 16 bits. The purpose of EFMplus is to keep the number of contiguous
0s or 1s to within 3 and 14 for a DVD disc.
EIA: Electronic Industries Alliance, representing the US electronics
industries.
Electroforming: A process eg for depositing nickel ions on a metal
surface used to make stampers for CD and DVD manufacture.
ELSPA: The European Leisure Software Publishers Association, which works
to promote the interests of all its members as well as addressing issues
that affect the industry as a whole.
ENAV: Enhanced Navigation, an optional specification for
DVD-Video players for additional interactive content on discs and,
optionally, a web server. New DVD players will therefore be available
that will play the ENAV content from the disc and from a web server via
an Internet connection.
Encryption: Transformation of data to be transmitted or stored on
optical or magnetic media to ensure that only the intended recipients
can make use of the information. Enhanced Music
CD: An enhancement to the CD audio specification for audio and data
contained in separate sessions, such that a CD audio player will only
try to play the audio tracks and a PC will be able to access the CD-ROM
track in the second session. The CD-ROM data can include video, images
and software to access the Internet.
Exabyte: A digital tape format based on 8mm videotape and used for
transferring CD-ROM files for mastering and for backup purposes.
F
FACT: Federation Against Copyright Theft, an investigative organisation
funded by its members to combat video counterfeiting.
FAST: The Federation Against Software Theft, created in 1984 by the
software industry to lobby the UK Parliament for changes to the
copyright law. FAST works on behalf of the software industry and also
alongside companies who require advice and guidance to achieve a legally
sustainable software environment.
Father: A nickel disc that has been electroformed from the glass master.
Fathers are used in the process of making stampers for manufacturing CDs
and DVDs.
Field: One-half of an interlaced video frame, consisting of every other
scan line.
File system: Additional data added to a CD-ROM or DVD disc that defines
the directory and file structure on the disc plus other information
about the contents of the disc. A file system is necessary for all data
storage media to allow data files to be accessed. File systems in use
include ISO 9660 and UDF.
FMD: Fluorescent Multi-layer Disc, a new optical disc technology which
comprises a large number (theoretically 100 layers are possible) of
fluorescent layers to store large amounts of data. The fluorescent
material emits radiation when excited by an external light source. The
first application of this new technology is for digital cinema, which
requires large storage capacity to hold high definition movies for
cinema projection. (See www.c-3d.net)
Forward motion vector: A motion vector that is used for motion
compensation (in an MPEG digital video data stream) from a reference
picture at an earlier time in display order
FPS: Frames Per Second. Film is 24 FPS, NTSC is 29.97 FPS and PAL/SECAM
is 25 FPS.
Fractals: One method for defining graphics by translating natural curves
of an object into mathematical formulas, from which the image can later
be constructed.
Frame: A unit of data on a CD comprising 24 audio samples, plus
subcode and CIRC error correction.
Frame: A single, complete picture in video or film recording.
Frame rate: The number of frames displayed per second for film and
video, ie FPS.
Fulfilment: Specialist printing, packaging, secure warehousing and
logistics services that complement CD and DVD manufacturing to meet the
ever demanding needs of customers.
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